Caterpillar

Caterpillar's primary revenue streams come from the manufacture and sale of heavy equipment, machinery, and related services. All these sources are halal as they involve the exchange of tangible goods and services. The company's financial services segment provides financing for their equipment, which constitutes interest-based lending. However, based on the financial data, this represents less than 2.5% of total revenue across the analyzed periods.

Analyzing the last four quarters of financial data: Interest expense as a percentage of total expenses has remained consistently low, ranging between 0.8-3.4% of total expenses across all quarters. This level of interest expense is considered incidental to operations rather than a core part of the business model.

Caterpillar maintains business operations in China, but there is no clear evidence of direct collaboration with the Chinese Communist Party. While the company has faced historical controversy regarding the use of its equipment in Israel, current research does not indicate direct ongoing operational presence or R&D facilities in Israel.