Cboe Global Markets

Cboe's primary revenue streams come from transaction fees, market data services, and access/capacity fees. The company operates legitimate trading platforms where actual assets are exchanged, and both parties receive tangible value. Their business model involves facilitating market operations and providing essential market infrastructure rather than engaging in gambling activities.

While some trading on their platforms may be speculative, the core business involves real asset exchange and value creation through market making and trading platform operation, which are considered halal activities.

Based on the financial data provided, interest expense remains consistently low relative to total expenses across all four quarters. The interest expense to total expense ratio stays well below the 5% threshold for all periods examined. The company's interest expenses are primarily related to operational financing rather than interest-based revenue generation.

Based on review of company documents and public information, there is no evidence of significant ongoing associations with entities involved in human rights violations. While Cboe operates globally, there are no direct ties to the Chinese Communist Party or current operations in Israel that would raise concerns.